Editorial

Foundations and Debate

• Claudio Katz
  

  Greece: Debates on debt and exit of the euro Abstract: The deep crisis in Greece focuses imbalances as varied as explosives. From the beginning it was rejected the application of a debt relief or performing an exchange of securities. Finally harder than all the preceding third memorandum was approved. In this process they have surfaced divergent strategy that oppose the US with Germany. The inconsistency of the government that should face and the need for alternative programs are also checked. Persists also a striking range of similarities and differences with the Argentine default of 2001.

• Julio Boltvinik
  

  Objective limits of capitalism, multiple trends that herald the end of capitalism and lauderdale Paradox Abstract: Today’s world, almost totally immersed in globalized neoliberal capitalism, lives since 2008 the most severe crisis in world history which is, moreover, accompanied by other serious manifestations of capitalist contradictions. The thesis of this essay is that capitalism has reached its objective limits, which is reflected in the multiple trends that herald its end. These trends are classified into hard and soft. The analysis focuses on the two hard trends, which themselves could lead to the end of capitalism and one of them of human life. Two versions of the end of capitalism, formal or end of capitalism as we know it, and the actual or definitive end of capitalism resulting in post-capitalist societies, are analyzed. The interactions among the seven listed trends are explored. The second part of the article, sections 5-10, focus on the trend towards the end of “ the world as we know it” analyzing nine eco-planetary limits, the contradiction between use-value and value (also known as the Lauderdale Paradox), the purpose of Marx of building both a positive and a critical theory, and finally the second contradiction of Capital postulated by O’Connor and criticised by John Bellamy Foster.

• Margarita Pérez / Gloria Flórez
  

  B1 scenario of climate change: analysis from your chances and challenges Abstract: This article is part of a reflection on the different climate change scenarios presented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel raised a few scenarios on climate change between 1990 and 1992, scenarios that were evaluated in 1995 and due to the changes that were being recorded was necessary to modify, bringing a new set of scenarios in 1996; in this regard, it is analyzed the B1 scenario specifically, which poses a convergent world with the same global population that peaks in midcentury and then descends, as in the A1 storyline, but with rapid change of structures economic oriented economy and information services, accompanied by a less intensive use of materials and the introduction of clean technologies for efficient use of resources. The emphasis is on the global solutions aimed at economic, social and environmental sustainability, as well as greater equality, but in the absence of additional initiatives related to climate. Thus, the article begins with a description of what the scenario proposed and referred, continuing the analysis of the variables that incorporates the stage and ending with conclusions about the proposed analysis.

Articles and Miscellany

• Armando Bartra
  

  Anticipations: a look to the future of Nuestramerica Abstract: The progressivist governments of South America face unlucky macroeconomic changes that hinder maintaining the trend towards welfare and impels adjustment policies, while questioning the primary export model which sustained the previous boom, forcing rethink both the development paradigm as the political course followed so far, because by partnering with the adverse economic environment, the pressures of government and local oligarchies offensive threaten democratic pluralism by the current time.

• Mara Rosas-Baños
  

  The fallacy of technology transfer via Foreign Direct Investment: Exploring opportunities for development in Latin America Abstract: Industrialization through foreign direct investment and technology transfer mechanism in developing countries has been studied by orthodox and heterodox schools of thought, both have recognized that technological transfers through FDI from export promotion model has been minimal. Instead of the relation FDI - growth economic - technological transfer, have a transitional process of decreasing local investment; disruption of production chains and destructive progress completely against difference and cultural and biological diversity. This situation worsens in itself disturbing ecological crisis, the most obvious impact is the acceleration of climate change, which is a consequence of the type of industrialization in developed countries, and forces us to question the direction of development and analyze alternatives developing countries. The objectives of this paper are to address the theoretical discussion about the possibilities really are developing economies likely to benefit from FDI in technology and perform a scan of the risks and opportunities that present environmental crisis resulting from socioeconomic and biophysical characteristics of Latin American countries.

• Joaliné Pardo
  

  Frames and practices to enhance relationships between producers and consumers in Mexico Abstract: Multiple citizen initiatives, from the country and urban centers, have arisen in the last century, claiming to re-position the role of peasants as main producers of the food for national markets, using agroecological methods of cultivation. All these initiatives, from collective projects to social movements, including alternative markets, antagonize with the corporate food regime, and around this antagonism multiple frames are constructed. These frames give place to the concepts and practices that shape the movement. I make a revision of the main frames and practices that having food sovereignty as an axis, contend with the corporate food regime. I concentrate particularly in Mexico.

• José Hernández / Ricardo Padilla
  

  Recent developments in the production and consumption of egg in Mexico Abstract: In this paper the relevance recently had the production and consumption of table eggs in Mexico is analyzed. This product, a major source of animal protein, has been gaining a greater share of the diet of the Mexican population, mainly due to population growth and the loss of purchasing power of it. The production process has been characterized by a strong entrepreneurial and regional concentration with high mechanization of production. In fact, consumption reached about an egg a day per capita in 2011. The trend is moving towards increased use of other sources of animal protein (beef and pork) from population growth and the continued deterioration of the purchasing power of workers.

• Ariadna Gallegos / Ibrahim Santacruz / Gabriel Tapia
  

  Methodological aspects of studies of GDP in series of long time Abstract: The methodological treatment of the data is the basis for determining validly acceptable explanations on economic and social behavior at a given time. The long time series statistics are theoretically and practically very valuable, because they allow monitoring trends in behavior in a long term. However, they have certain difficulties and limitations. The main difficulty lies in its methodological construction that makes homogeneous data and allows it to be comparable in a long time series. This paper explores these issues and presents the different methods currently used to provide a systematic treatment of data and stands out the technical efforts as a problem to standardize the information of the data series in order to be useful for analysis and resources to explain the behavior and the economic and social dynamics that can be observed in the underlying trends of the information in a long term.